https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct <p><a href="https://www.ugc.ac.in/journallist/subjectwisejurnallist.aspx?tid=MjM1MDExNDY=&amp;&amp;did=U2VhcmNoIGJ5IElTU04=">AJCT </a>&nbsp; is Published under the Asian Scoiety for Scientific Reserach&nbsp; .This Society is dedicated to Improve the quality of Research Education. ASSR has taken responsibly to educate some of Orphan Child. The 2% of Journal publication fees will be given to child education Fund.</p> ASIAN SOCIETY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH en-US Asian Journal For Convergence In Technology (AJCT) ISSN -2350-1146 2350-1146 <div align="justify"> <p><strong>To ensure uniformity of treatment among all contributors, other forms may not be substituted for this form, nor may any wording of the form be changed. This form is intended for original material submitted to AJCT and must accompany any such material in order to be published by AJCT. Please read the form carefully.</strong><br>The undersigned hereby assigns to the Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Issues ("AJCT") all rights under copyright that may exist in and to the above Work, any revised or expanded derivative works submitted to AJCT by the undersigned based on the Work, and any associated written, audio and/or visual presentations or&nbsp;other enhancements accompanying the Work. The undersigned hereby warrants that the Work is original and that he/she is the author of the Work; to the extent the Work incorporates text passages, figures, data or other material from the works of others, the undersigned has obtained any necessary permission. See Retained Rights, below.</p> <p><strong>AUTHOR RESPONSIBILITIES</strong><br>AJCT distributes its technical publications throughout the world and wants to ensure that the material submitted to its publications is properly available to the readership of those publications. 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In that case, AJCT assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.<br>Reprint/Republication Policy<br>AJCT requires that the consent of the first-named author and employer be sought as a condition to granting reprint or republication rights to others or for permitting use of a Work for promotion or marketing purposes.</p> <p>GENERAL TERMS</p> <p>1. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.<br>2. The undersigned agrees to indemnify and hold harmless AJCT from any damage or expense that may arise in the event of a breach of any of the warranties set forth above.<br>3. In the event the above work is accepted and published by AJCT and consequently withdrawn by the author(s), the foregoing copyright transfer shall become null and void and all materials embodying the Work submitted to AJCT will be destroyed.<br>4. For jointly authored Works, all joint authors should sign, or one of the authors should sign as authorized agent<br>for the others.</p> <p>Licenced by :</p> <p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> </div> https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1433 <p><strong>The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has sparked significant interest in innovative technologies that can enhance energy conversion efficiency. Among these, wind energy stands out as a viable alternative, with magnetic gears emerging as a promising solution to improve the overall performance of wind turbine systems. Traditional mechanical gearing systems often suffer from wear and inefficiency, leading to increased maintenance costs and reduced operational lifespan. In contrast, magnetic gears employ attractive and repulsive forces to transmit power without physical contact, minimising friction and mechanical degradation. This research will delve into the experimental investigation of magnetic gears tailored for a multirotor wind turbine applications, exploring their potential benefits, underlying principles, and comparative advantages over conventional gear systems. Furthermore, the findings aim to underscore the feasibility of integrating magnetic gearing technology into modern wind turbines, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions. </strong></p> Niranjan D. Kapure Prof. Dr. S.V. Chaitanya ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 1 6 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1434 <p><strong>Conventional fuels are depleting very fast and prices of these fuels are also increasing rapidly; therefore, there is a direct need of alternative fuels which can resolve the twin crisis of energy and environment. Vegetable oils are renewable and biodegradable, which can be used as an alternative of conventional fuels. Lot of research has already been completed on bio-diesel as well as on straight vegetable oil as fuel of Internal Combustion engines. In this review paper Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with straight vegetable oils has been compared and discussed. </strong></p> <p><strong>Depletion of fossil fuel resources and continuous release of greenhouse gases to the environment forces the researchers to develop alternative fuel technologies that are environmentally more acceptable. Trans-esterified vegetable oil derivatives also NQRZQDVĴELRGLHVHOµDSSHDUWREHWKHPRVWFRQYHQLHQWPHWKRGRI utilizing bio- origin vegetable oils as replacement fuels in compression ignition engines. In the present study, biodiesel was prepared from different non edible oil through tans-esterification process and the property of biodiesel was compared with base standard diesel fuel. In other studies experiments were carried out to study performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel fuel, a sunflower oil and its blends 10 % by volume, (BD-10), 2or 0 % by volume ( BD-20), 30 % by volume ( BD-30), 40 % by volume ( BD-40), 50 % by volume ( BD-50), 100 % by volume ( BD-100). In these tests have been conducted on four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled vertical, water cooled high speed diesel engine with different loads at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The results were represented in the form of BSFC, Mechanical efficiency, BTE, and emission characteristics of CO, CO2, HC and NOX . From the study it is found that BD-10, BD-20, BD-100 Biodiesel blends given better Mechanical efficiency. The purpose of the work was to enhance the performance and emission characteristics and to examine the possibility of use of Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil in the compression Ignition Engine. </strong></p> Gaffar G. Momin Dr. Narayan Lal Jain Dr.Bholu Kumar ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 7 20 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1435 <p><strong>The study addresses the critical issue of wire overheating and burning in cable trays, which compromises the safety and reliability of the system. Through a series of controlled experiments. Various insulating materials are used to achieve the required targeted temperature. The insulation materials like glass wool, ceramic board and aluminum (reflective insulator), mica sheet and their combination have been experimented through the simulation and physical trials. For experiments we used as it is scaled setup of actual machine arrangement. This experimental setup includes Drum, coil inside drum, cable tray placed in front of drum, Heat sleeve inside cable tray and temperature sensors which is placed inside drum, outside drum, inside cable tray, from inside of the insulation which is inside from casing, and from the outside of the casing. For the experimentation we assumed condition that constant temperature inside the drum and then test over numerous different types of insulations and their combinations. The results indicate significant improvement in temperature management, reducing the risk of wire failure and enhancing overall durability of wires. The insulation materials considerably enhance the performance of thermal management. Comparing it to an uninsulated condition, the usage of ceramic boards together with aluminum reflective insulators reduced the temperature at the cable tray level by as much as 45%. Glass wool and mica sheet effect up to 30-35% and feasibility in flexible usage areas. The internal temperature within the cable tray is represented by sensors, which also suggest the effectiveness of insulation materials for safety in operation. From the experimental findings, it is evident that insulation materials play a role in restricting the heat transfer to the cable tray and, consequently, protects the integrity of a wire. Ceramic board and aluminum reflective insulators came on top among materials tested in terms of thermal resistivity and overall performance. Glass wool and mica sheet are also equally promising even under less demanding conditions. These results provide a solution for achieving practical thermal management techniques in RECD systems and other similar areas of hightemperature applications, improving durability and reliability of wires while ensuring system safety. </strong></p> Tanmay Khatekar Pratik chavan Ved Thakare Vivek Pandit Nilesh Totala Sanjay chopane ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 21 26 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1438 <p><strong>An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the thermo-hydraulic performance of a solar air heater (SAH) equipped with a hexagonal ribbed absorber plate. The study examines the effects of geometric parameters—blockage ratio (e/Dh = 0.1109, 0.1479, and 0.1849), rib pitch (P = 60 mm, 80 mm, and 100 mm), and angle of attack (α = 90° and 120°) on heat transfer and flow dynamics within a trapezoidal duct, over a Reynolds number range of 5000 to 30,000. Trapezoidal ducts were selected for their ability to enhance surface area and flow interaction. For Reynolds numbers ranging from 5000 to 30,000, the Nusselt number for α = 90° inline ribs increased by 20–40%, while the α = 120° inline ribs exhibited a higher enhancement of 40–60%. This improvement in heat transfer was accompanied by an increase in flow resistance. The friction factor for α = 90° ribs was about 1.5–2.0 times higher than the smooth duct, whereas for α = 120° ribs it increased by nearly 2.5–3.0 times. Considering both parameters, the thermo-hydraulic performance factor (TPF) was found to be superior for the α = 120° configuration, ranging from 1.09 to 1.29, compared to 1.01 to 1.11 for the α = 90° case. This suggests that higher angles and blockage ratios enhance turbulence and mixing, improving heat transfer with manageable pressure losses. Overall, the hexagonal ribbed absorber significantly improves thermal efficiency, offering a promising and cost-effective solution for enhancing solar air heater performance while supporting energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.&nbsp; </strong></p> Nilesh M. Shinde Dr. Himanshu Borade ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 27 36 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1439 <p><strong>The selection of an appropriate biofuel blend is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) dilemma based on various qualitative and inconsistent criteria, which are crucial for determining the feasibility of new energy sources. This paper presents a hybrid methodology using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to compute the relative criteria weights, whereas the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank the available alternatives. The results indicated that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and nitric oxides (NOx) are the two most important criteria for rating the performance of a biofuel blend. The following preferences were attained for the blends by using the hybrid AHP–TOPSIS method: BD20CeO200 &gt; BD100CeO200 &gt; D &gt; BD20 &gt; BD100. Hence, after using the hybrid MCDM methods for various biofuel blends, the BD20 with Cerium oxide nanoparticles (200 ppm) was selected as the best biofuel blend for operating CI engines. </strong></p> Aparna V. Kulkarni Dyaneshwar G. Kumbhar Kailasnath B. Sutar ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 37 42 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1441 <p><strong>Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) have demonstrated their structural efficiency since their successful adoption in high-speed trains in Japan during the 1980s. Owing to their lightweight nature, high specific strength, superior corrosion resistance, and cost effectiveness, FRPs have gained extensive applications in the automobile, aerospace, high-speed transportation, and construction industries. The present research focuses on the development and characterization of lightweight, high-strength fiber-glass composite laminates suitable for construction applications. Advanced laminated composites are fabricated using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process, incorporating electrospun interlaminar nanofibers to enhance mechanical performance. Nano-layered and conventional fiberglass composite laminates are developed and experimentally evaluated, with particular emphasis on impact strength. A comparative assessment is carried out to understand the influence of electrospun nanofiber interlayers on energy absorption and damage resistance. The versatility of the VARTM process allows scope for extending this research to various synthetic fibers and advanced composite systems for future construction applications. </strong></p> N. S. Vele M. Badadhe Jitendra. A. Hole ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 43 48 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1442 <p><strong>The enormous utilisation of energy has led to the fact of saving it at large. To overcome the loss of energy, the present work initiates research in the field of Thermal Energy Storage in its latent form incorporating Phase Changing Material (PCM) in circular oriented copper Ball Structure. Heating of PCM (by an electric heater) inferred in these copper balls continues till 85˚C(well beyond the melting point of selected PCM), and then when disconnected, PCM discharges gradually giving off the heat accumulated within. Considering 30litres of water in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Tank(LHTES), for a family of four, the research intends to investigate the prolonged duration of time required to keep the water warm. The consequence presents that the time required to charge(heat) water is 4.6 hours(270minutes) and discharge(heat is given off) is 29hours(1740 minutes). Thus proving significant potential in keeping water warm for better performance in a circular orientation. </strong></p> Rupali Patil Ramesh Rathod Gulab Siraskar Sham Mankar ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 49 51 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1443 <p><strong>Conventional fuels are depleting very fast and prices of these fuels are also increasing rapidly; therefore, there is a direct need of alternative fuels which can resolve the twin crisis of energy and environment. Vegetable oils are renewable and biodegradable, which can be used as an alternative of conventional fuels. Lot of research has already been completed on bio-diesel as well as on straight vegetable oil as fuel of Internal Combustion engines. In this review paper Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with straight vegetable oils has been compared and discussed. </strong></p> <p><strong>Depletion of fossil fuel resources and continuous release of greenhouse gases to the environment forces the researchers to develop alternative fuel technologies that are environmentally more acceptable. Trans-esterified vegetable oil derivatives also known as ‗ biodiesel appear to be the most convenient method of utilizing bio- origin vegetable oils as replacement fuels in compression ignition engines. In the present study, biodiesel was prepared from different non edible oil through tansesterification process and the property of biodiesel was compared with base standard diesel fuel. In other studies experiments were carried out to study performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel, a sunflower oil and its blends 10 % by volume, (BD-10), 2or 0 % by volume (BD-20), 30 % by volume (BD-30), 40 % by volume (BD-40), 50 % by volume (BD-50), 100 % by volume (BD-100). In these tests have been conducted on four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled vertical, water-cooled high-speed diesel engine with different loads at constant speed of 1500 rpm. The results were represented in the form of BSFC, Mechanical efficiency, BTE, and emission characteristics of CO, CO2, HC and NOX. From the study it is found that BD-10, BD-20, BD100 Biodiesel blends given better Mechanical efficiency. The purpose of the work was to enhance the performance and emission characteristics and to examine the possibility of use of Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil in the compression Ignition Engine.</strong></p> Gaffar G. Momin Dr. Narayan Lal Jain Dr.Bholu Kumar ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 52 64 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1444 <p><strong>The Chaff Cutter Machine integrated with IoT technology represents a significant advancement in agricultural automation. This system is designed to streamline the process of chopping fodder for livestock, providing an efficient and reliable means to manage large- scale farming operations. The IoT integration allows for remote monitoring and control, ensuring optimal operation with minimal human intervention. By leveraging sensors and data analytics, the system can adjust the cutting speed and blade sharpness according to the type of fodder, enhancing efficiency. This innovation not only reduces labour costs but also ensures consistent feed quality, improving livestock health. The realtime data transmission feature enables farmers to monitor the machine’s performance from anywhere, providing insights into operational efficiency and maintenance needs. This paper outlines the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of the IoT-based Chaff Cutter Machine, emphasizing its impact on modern farming practices. </strong></p> Aditya Patil Abhijit Shirgire Madhubala Ghule DR.N.B. Totla ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 65 69 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1445 <p><strong>Lot of transformation in industries in all areas are due to Industry 4.0 technologies including Internet of things, (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, data analytics, Automation etc. which requires skill development among employees. The industrial training institutes and vocational courses must integrate these technologies in their courses for using Industry 4.0. This research aims to apply Industry 4.0 in technical and vocational education with enhanced quality and in alignment with the demands of modern industries. The main focus being on upgrading infrastructure, making curricula modern, training to faculties, and promoting industry collaboration to develop a skilled workforce expert in Industry 4.0 technologies. Key components include the establishment of smart labs equipped with IoT-enabled devices, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality tools, and robotics systems; the inclusion of Industry 4.0 elements into the curriculum; and the imparting of hands-on training through industry partnerships and exposure to live projects. There are various phases of implementation like planning and pilot implementation, statewide rollout, monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement. Expected outcomes include improved employability of vocational graduates, enhanced industry collaboration, and remarkable reduction in the skill gap. By equipping students with Industry 4.0 skill sets and knowledge to create a future-ready manpower capable of driving innovation and getting economic growth. The scalable model developed through this initiative will ensure widespread adoption of Industry 4.0 in vocational education systems. This research represents a significant step towards modernizing vocational education, fostering industry-academia collaboration, and preparing the workforce for the challenges and opportunities that will be due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. </strong></p> Chetan Burkul Akshay Tajane Parag Chavhan ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 70 80 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1446 <p><strong>Aerodynamics has for some time been at the base of what we do in Formula 1, which includes everything from how well a car turns a corner to fuel efficiency. In this work we look at in detail the aerodynamic forces and the design strategies which play with them which also looks at the growth of the regulatory structures which put a tie on their use. We begin with the basics of lift, drag, and downforce which are the forces we are playing with and which we engineer into components like the wings, diffusers and bargeboards to get that extra bit of performance. Also we look at drag reduction we go over the past use of the Drag Reduction System (DRS) and the part played by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the simulation and fine tuning of air flow. A key section of the paper discusses the influence of aerodynamics on fuel use, picking out the increasing relevance of energy efficiency in motorsport. The regulatory timeline is followed from early developments to the 2022 ground effect renaissance, culminating in the 2026 switch to active aerodynamics. This change overcomes DRS with a dual-mode setup that enables drivers to dynamically change wing configurations, providing more strategic freedom and minimizing the need for artificial overtaking enhancers. Through the combination of technical analysis and regulatory perspective, this paper highlights the revolutionary potential of active aero systems in defining the next generation of Formula 1 where innovation, racecraft, and sustainability find common ground. et </strong></p> Janhavi Bhalsakle Sai Deshmukh ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 81 90 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1447 <p><strong>Plant diseases pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity, causing economic losses and worsening food insecurity. Early and accurate detection is vital for effective management and sustainable farming. This study explores the use of machine learning to develop a reliable system for plant disease prediction. Using image processing and classification algorithms, the system analyzes leaf images to identify disease patterns with high accuracy. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and other advanced models help distinguish between healthy and diseased plants. Experimental results show the system can detect various diseases with high precision and minimal human input, aiding farmers in decision-making and improving crop health and productivity. </strong></p> Prof. Jotsna H. Chavhan Prof. Dipti A. Mirkute ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 91 96 https://asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/1448 <p><strong>The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of process parameters on ABS/GP parts made by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Several parameters of the FDM process affect the parts produced, such as part build orientation, layer height, raster width, infill percentage, and infill pattern. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the process parameters of FDM to reduce the building time, increase mechanical strength, and enhance part quality. The effect of process parameters on the specimen's tensile strength and modulus of elasticity is investigated using Taguchi's design of experiment (DOE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analyzing experimental data led to the identification of optimal parameters.&nbsp; </strong></p> Sanket S. Chikshe Dr. M. M. Bhoomkar ##submission.copyrightStatement## 2025-12-10 2025-12-10 11 3 97 102