Influence of Metakaolin and Manufactured Sand on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Abstract
This study examines the influence of metakaolin and manufactured sand on the fresh and hardened properties of fiber reinforced concrete. Metakaolin was used as a partial replacement of cement at different replacement levels, while manufactured sand replaced natural river sand. Steel fibers were incorporated at a constant volume fraction. Workability was evaluated using the slump test, and hardened properties were assessed through compressive, split tensile, flexural, bond, and shear strength tests. The results showed a reduction in workability with increasing metakaolin content; however, adequate workability was achieved using a superplasticizer. Significant improvements in mechanical properties were observed compared to control concrete. The optimum performance was obtained at approximately 30% metakaolin replacement. The enhancement is attributed to the pozzolanic and filler effects of metakaolin, improved particle packing of manufactured sand, and crack-bridging action of steel fibers.
References
[2] E. Guneyisi, M. Gesoglu, A. O. M. Akoi, and K. Mermerdas, “Combined effect of steel fiber and metakaolin incorporation on mechanical properties of concrete,” Compos. Part B, vol. 56, pp. 83– 91, 2014.
[3] S. A. Bhalchandra and R. Shirale, “Performance of steel fiber reinforced metakaolin concrete,” Indian Concrete J., pp. 37–43, 2011.
[4] K. A. Gruber, R. D. Hooton, M. D. A. Thomas, and A. Boddy, “Increasing concrete durability with high-reactivity metakaolin,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 473–479, 2001.
[5] J. M. Justice and K. E. Kurtis, “Influence of metakaolin surface area on properties of cement-based materials,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 762–771, 2007.
[6] J. M. Khatib, “Performance of metakaolin concrete at low temperatures,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 362–367, 2009.
[7] S. T. Lee, H. Y. Moon, R. D. Hooton, and J. P. Kim, “Effect of solution concentrations and replacement levels of metakaolin on resistance of mortars exposed to magnesium sulfate,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1314–1323, 2005.
[8] S. S. Potgieter-Vermaak and J. H. Potgieter, “Metakaolin as an extender in cement,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 489–499, 2008.
[9] B. B. Sabir, S. Wild, and J. Bai, “Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: A review,” Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 441–454, 2001.
[10] J.-T. Ding and Z. Li, “Effects of metakaolin and silica fume on properties of concrete,” ACI Mater. J., vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 393–398, 2002.
[11] E. Badogiannis, V. G. Papadakis, E. Chaniotakis, and S. Tsivilis, “Metakaolin as a pozzolanic material: Strength development and kvalue evaluation,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1035–1041, 2004.
[12] N. M. Al-Akhras, “Durability of metakaolin concrete to sulfate attack,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1727–1734, 2006.
[13] J. Bai and A. Gailius, “Consistency of fly ash and metakaolin concrete,” J. Civ. Eng. Manag., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 131–135, 2009.
[14] H. M. Khater, “Influence of metakaolin on resistivity of cement mortar to magnesium chloride solution,” Ceram.–Silikáty, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 325–333, 2010.
[15] P. Muthupriya, K. Subramanian, and B. G. Vishnuram, “Behavior of high performance reinforced concrete columns with metakaolin and fly ash,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 190–202, 2011.
[16] V. Kannan and K. Ganesan, “Strength and water absorption properties of ternary blended cement mortar using rice husk ash and metakaolin,” Scholarly J. Eng. Res., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 51–59, 2012.
[17] G. Murali and P. Sruthee, “Experimental study of concrete with metakaolin as partial replacement of cement,” Int. J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Dev., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 344–349, 2012.
[18] H. Paiva, A. Velosa, P. Cachim, and V. M. Ferreira, “Effect of metakaolin dispersion on the fresh and hardened state properties of concrete,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 607–612, 2012.
[19] V. Afroughsabet, L. Biolzi, and T. Ozbakkaloglu, “High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: A review,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 51, no. 14, pp. 6517–6551, 2016.
[20] R. Siddique and J. Klaus, “Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review,” Appl. Clay Sci., vol. 43, no. 3–4, pp. 392–400, 2009.
[21] S. H. Kosmatka, B. Kerkhoff, and W. C. Panarese, Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures, 14th ed. Skokie, IL, USA: Portland Cement Assoc., 2002.
[22] IS 383:2016, Coarse and Fine Aggregate for Concrete – Specification.
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
To ensure uniformity of treatment among all contributors, other forms may not be substituted for this form, nor may any wording of the form be changed. This form is intended for original material submitted to AJCT and must accompany any such material in order to be published by AJCT. Please read the form carefully.
The undersigned hereby assigns to the Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Issues ("AJCT") all rights under copyright that may exist in and to the above Work, any revised or expanded derivative works submitted to AJCT by the undersigned based on the Work, and any associated written, audio and/or visual presentations or other enhancements accompanying the Work. The undersigned hereby warrants that the Work is original and that he/she is the author of the Work; to the extent the Work incorporates text passages, figures, data or other material from the works of others, the undersigned has obtained any necessary permission. See Retained Rights, below.
AUTHOR RESPONSIBILITIES
AJCT distributes its technical publications throughout the world and wants to ensure that the material submitted to its publications is properly available to the readership of those publications. Authors must ensure that The Work is their own and is original. It is the responsibility of the authors, not AJCT, to determine whether disclosure of their material requires the prior consent of other parties and, if so, to obtain it.
RETAINED RIGHTS/TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Authors/employers retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors/employers may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce The Work and for the author's personal use or for company or organizational use, provided that the source and any AJCT copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies AJCT endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Authors/employers may make limited distribution of all or portions of the Work prior to publication if they inform AJCT in advance of the nature and extent of such limited distribution.
4. For all uses not covered by items 2 and 3, authors/employers must request permission from AJCT.
5. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS
AJCT Copyright Ownership
It is the formal policy of AJCT to own the copyrights to all copyrightable material in its technical publications and to the individual contributions contained therein, in order to protect the interests of AJCT, its authors and their employers, and, at the same time, to facilitate the appropriate re-use of this material by others.
Author/Employer Rights
If you are employed and prepared the Work on a subject within the scope of your employment, the copyright in the Work belongs to your employer as a work-for-hire. In that case, AJCT assumes that when you sign this Form, you are authorized to do so by your employer and that your employer has consented to the transfer of copyright, to the representation and warranty of publication rights, and to all other terms and conditions of this Form. If such authorization and consent has not been given to you, an authorized representative of your employer should sign this Form as the Author.
Reprint/Republication Policy
AJCT requires that the consent of the first-named author and employer be sought as a condition to granting reprint or republication rights to others or for permitting use of a Work for promotion or marketing purposes.
GENERAL TERMS
1. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
2. The undersigned agrees to indemnify and hold harmless AJCT from any damage or expense that may arise in the event of a breach of any of the warranties set forth above.
3. In the event the above work is accepted and published by AJCT and consequently withdrawn by the author(s), the foregoing copyright transfer shall become null and void and all materials embodying the Work submitted to AJCT will be destroyed.
4. For jointly authored Works, all joint authors should sign, or one of the authors should sign as authorized agent
for the others.
Licenced by :
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
